Introduction: Neuropathy is the most common neurological complication of diabetes which affects the central nervous systems, especially the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training After Transplantation of stem cells on rate of TNF-α and NF-κB in cerebral Cortex of STZ-induced Diabetic Rats.

Materials and Methods: : In this experimental study, 48 male wistar rats, 9 weeks old, weighing 220-240 g were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, sham, diabetes, diabetes + exercise,  diabetes + stem cells, diabetes + exercise + stem cells.The exercise groups, practiced treadmill resistance training for 6 weeks. In the stem cell receiver group, 1/5*10⁶ number of stem cells were injected into diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS 22 software.
Results: Data showed that the TNF-α (p>0.01) and NF-κB (p<0.001) levels was significant difference between the six groups. It was observed that in the exercise + stem cells group, TNF-α level was significantly lower than that of the diabetes group (p=0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in NF-κB level in exercise and exercise + stem cells groups compared to the diabetes group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Injection of adipose-derived stem cells along with exercise training can be a protective and therapeutic strategy to reduce cortical inflammatory markers and the effects of diabetes on the central nervous system.

Keywords: Resistance training, Adipose-derived stem cells, Nuclear factor kappa B, Diabetes, Cortex

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